Koumiss: benefits and harm to the body

Koumiss is a refreshing and tonic drink that gives the body important elements for a full-fledged existence. This oriental fermented milk product is often called the “longevity drink”. Made from mare's milk, endowed with nature with unique beneficial qualities, koumiss retains all these properties and is considered a source of health among eastern residents. The drink is used in cosmetology and medicine. Based on this product, a whole medical system has been developed - kumysotherapy. Useful properties of the drink in combination with a unique taste made it popular not only in the homeland, but also in other countries of the world.

What is koumiss

One of the most revered and appreciated sour-milk drinks among the population of Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and the inhabitants of the planet with Mongolian and Turkic roots is kymyz. Translated into Russian, the name sounds like koumiss. This is a fermented milk product obtained as a result of alcoholic and lactic fermentation of mare's milk. The fermentation stage is carried out due to lactic acid bacteria with the addition of yeast.

Koumiss is a rather pleasant refreshing drink with a slightly sour taste. It should be used only at the stages of fermentation. Only during this period he does not lose his unique taste, value and useful properties.

The history of this fermented milk drink originates in the distant past. As a result of archaeological excavations conducted in the parking lot of ancient Mongolian settlements in the Susamyr valley (Eneolithic era), not only evidence of domestication and domestication of horses, but also bags of animal skin were found. Inside them, scientists managed to establish traces of fermented mare's milk.

Ancient Greek scholar Herodotus also mentions koumiss. Describing the life and traditions of the Scythians, the philosopher mentions a miraculous drink. Local residents made it by churning the mares' milk in special wooden containers. The recipe for this healing and very tasty drink was known only to the elite, who were involved in the preparation. All ingredients and the basis of the cooking method were kept in the strictest confidence. Slaves who witnessed the cooking process of koumiss were instantly blinded.

Later information about koumiss was discovered in the Ipatiev Chronicles (XIII century). In his notes on a trip to Tataria, Guillaume de Rubruk describes the taste and healing properties of the drink.

An old recipe for cooking koumiss is still passed on from generation to generation in Bashkir families. This people adheres to ancient traditions and makes koumiss only from mare's milk. Unlike the population of Bashkortostan, Turkmens and Kyrgyz can take camel milk as a basis.

The technological process of making koumiss allows you to prepare a drink with a different content of alcohol rpm.

Kinds

In Kazakhstan, koumiss, depending on the fermentation period, is divided into several types:

1. Zhaskimyz - young, fermented in just one day.
2. Kunan kymyz is a slightly heady drink of 2-day fermentation.
3. Koumiss donen - sour, already containing a large number of alcohol turns. Ready to eat after 3 days of fermentation.
4. Saumal - koumiss, fermented for 10 hours.
5. Kymyzuyz - prepared from mare colostrum.
6. Bal kymyz - a fermented milk drink with honey or other sweet additive.

All of these species have different alcohol contents. Young koumiss is a drink ready to drink after 5-6 hours. It contains the smallest percentage of alcohol - up to 1%. This koumiss has a sweetish taste, almost does not contain gases. The product, which was prepared from 24 to 48 hours, is already more saturated with alcohol. Its composition is 1.7–2% alcohol. It acquires an already sour finish. After a small amount of drunk koumiss, a slight intoxication is felt. The most “strong” koumiss is in the fermentation process for up to 4 days. It contains the maximum level of alcohol - 3-4%. This koumiss is very foaming and has a rather sour taste.

Composition and calorie content

Koumiss is a fermented milk drink characterized by a high content of lactose and glucose. The product gives the main ingredient this characteristic. The level of these indicators in mare's milk is the highest. For example, lactose in cow's milk is 38% lower.

In the process of special fermentation, using not only sour-milk bacteria, but also yeast, lactose is converted to lactic acid, carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol and breaks up into a number of other aromatic substances. Thanks to this, the finished product acquires unique taste and aroma.

The chemical composition of koumiss is represented by a number of vitamins and beneficial elements:

1. A fairly large amount of vitamin A, C, PP.
2. Vitamin B group - lactoflavin (B2), thiamine (B1), cyanocobalamin (B12).
3. Biotin, involved in the synthesis of fermentation of carbohydrates and fats in the body.
4. Folic acid, necessary for the normal functioning of the immune and circulatory system.
5. Trace elements Ca, K, P, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn.
6. Providing a normal metabolism of pantothenic acid.

Koumiss contains ethyl alcohol in its composition. Its level ranges from 0.4 to 4.5%.

The energy value of the product ranges from 40 to 150 kcal. In 100 ml of fermented milk drink (medium fat) - 5 g of carbohydrates, 2.1 g of protein and 1.9 g of fat. As a result of fermentation, proteins become easily digestible and quickly digested in the body, therefore, although koumiss is highly nutritious, it is recommended to take it during diets.

Useful properties of koumiss

General benefit

A fermented milk drink of longevity is saturated with a large number of useful components that have a beneficial effect on the body.

Nomads used koumiss for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. The ancient healer Avicenna recommended using this drink to restore the body after serious illnesses, with physical exhaustion, nervous disorders and as a general restorative.

Since time, scientists have discovered other beneficial properties of koumiss. This product normalizes the intestinal microflora, accelerates cell regeneration, positively affects the work of the stomach and helps to eliminate toxins. Koumiss improves the immune system, replenishes the lack of energy, giving vigor, stimulates the bulk of biological processes.

For women

Koumiss, rich in calcium and vitamins, helps to improve the skin and condition of nails and hair.

Lactic acids formed during fermentation normalize the microflora in the vagina, eliminating unpleasant sensations. Restoring the natural balance, they ensure the health of the female genital organs and urinary system.

The relaxing effect of the drink provides a small amount of alcohol and vitamins A and B. This helps with disorders of the thyroid gland, accompanied by increased irritability, tearfulness, and also improves sleep.

For men

Koumiss is an excellent natural liver cleanser after drinking alcohol. Although there is a small percentage of alcohol in it, this does not prevent the drink from cleansing the body of toxins.

After strong physical exertion or training in the gym, a large number of healthy salts are removed from the male body along with sweat. A small amount of koumiss will help restore imbalance.

This fermented milk product has a positive effect on the work of the male reproductive system. The presence of testosterone improves libido, increases erection and reduces the risk of prostatitis.

During pregnancy

Mare's milk is saturated with iron. During fermentation, this element does not disappear, therefore, koumiss contributes to an increase in hemoglobin in the blood of a pregnant woman, and also reduces the risk of anemia. The sour-milk element is rich in calcium, which is necessary for the normal formation of the baby's bone system.

Despite all the beneficial properties, koumiss contains alcohol. It is better for expectant mothers to consult with their doctor before introducing such a product into their diet.

When breastfeeding

A fermented milk product made on the basis of mare's milk helps to improve the functioning of the female mammary glands, contributing to lactation. The general strengthening properties of koumiss help to recover faster after childbirth. Nursing mothers are advised to consume young koumiss containing a minimum amount of alcohol.

For kids

Koumiss has a beneficial effect on a growing organism. A large amount of calcium makes up for the lack of this vitamin, and the phosphorus contained in the drink enhances its absorption. In addition, this drink is very useful for children with dysbiosis, as it restores the imbalance of the intestinal microflora.

A rather peculiar taste of a fermented milk drink based on mare's milk is not very popular with children, so it is better to add honey and vanilla before drinking.

The low alcohol content in the young koumiss cannot harm the children's body, but you should not abuse the drink. With caution, koumiss should be given to children prone to allergic reactions.

When losing weight

Quite often, doctors include koumiss in diets. This is due to the ability of the drink to improve digestion, stabilizing the daily stool and eliminating colic and flatulence. The high protein content gives koumiss nutritional value, contributing to the quick quenching of hunger and maintaining muscle tone. Due to its animal origin, this element is quickly absorbed by the body.

Drinking 100 ml of koumiss before meals, a person on a diet makes up for the daily intake of vitamins, minerals and acids in the body. You should not exceed the permissible norms for the use of this drink, since alcohol is present in it.

Koumiss in medicine

The antibacterial, regenerating, strengthening properties of this fermented milk product are widely used not only in traditional medicine. Numerous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of using koumiss in the treatment of diseases of the gastric tract, intestines, respiratory system, cardiovascular dystonia. Courses of kumysotherapy are prescribed for people with a weakened immune system, impaired metabolism. It is part of complex therapy to combat infectious diseases and treat anemia.

Due to its unique qualities, koumiss is considered an indispensable component in many folk remedies for the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases.

With diabetes

The use of high-quality and containing a minimum amount of alcohol revolutions koumiss helps normalize blood sugar levels. It replenishes the required amount of beta-carotene and the entire vitamin complex. This product is especially useful for diabetics, as the disease is accompanied by the rejection of many vitamin-containing products.

Koumiss normalizes metabolism and cleanses blood vessels of cholesterol plaques, which is also important for diabetes.With the use of this fermented milk product, the risk of the appearance of nervous diseases and mental disorders inherent in diabetics is reduced.

Important: kumis glycemic index - 25 units.

With pancreatitis

Sour-milk products are necessarily included in the diet for diseases of the pancreas. Koumiss normalizes the secretory function of this organ, and also eliminates inflammatory processes. Its high nutritional value contributes to the rapid saturation of the human body during a diet. The ability of the product to improve metabolism prevents bowel problems.

It is not recommended to drink koumiss with a high alcohol content in this disease. Refuse to use any type of this drink is necessary during an exacerbation of the disease.

With gastritis

Koumiss containing many trace elements and amino acids is recommended for gastritis, if the disease is accompanied by a low level of acidity. Useful milk bacteria help restore microflora and reduce the degree of inflammation of the mucosa. When you use 100 ml of this drink with food, food is absorbed by the body easier and faster.

During an exacerbation of the disease and people with high acidity, koumiss is strictly contraindicated.

With gout

The occurrence of this disease contributes to the violation of the metabolic process of nucleic acids. The level of uric acid increases so much that it is deposited in the joints. This process causes pain and leads to physical changes in the appearance of the limbs. Koumiss contains a sufficient level of calcium, which contributes to the strength and health of bone tissue, so it is often prescribed for preventive purposes and the initial stages of gout.

For the liver

Koumiss, having cleansing properties, facilitates the work of the liver. Fatty acids and antioxidants promote cell renewal and protect them from destruction. Including koumiss in the daily diet, you need to pay attention to the amount of alcohol in it. For the prevention and treatment of hepatitis and cirrhosis, only a young sour-milk drink should be used. The recommended dose is 250-300 ml during meals.

With psoriasis

In the daily diet of people suffering from skin diseases, surely include products containing a large amount of vitamins B, A, PP. In patients with psoriasis or eczema, there is usually a lack of these elements. Koumiss contains a complete set of vitamins. They, in combination with lipoic acid, help to eliminate harmful substances from the body, improving the metabolic process and the regeneration of the skin. Antibacterial properties reduce the inflammatory process of the skin, reducing redness and unpleasant itching.

With pneumonia

Kumysoterapiya is widely used in diseases of the respiratory system. This dairy product is able to reduce throat irritability with a strong cough, promotes the discharge of sputum. Antibacterial properties reduce inflammatory processes in the lymph nodes, preventing the appearance of ulcers. Patients with pneumonia lose their appetite, they have a sharp decrease in weight, and the body becomes greatly weakened. Koumiss, due to its unique composition, improves the functioning of the immune and digestive systems, thereby helping a person regain strength.

With a hangover

Among all varieties of fermented milk products, koumiss is the best medicine fighting hungover. Lactic acid in combination with B vitamins activates the processing and elimination of toxins.Under the influence of carbon dioxide, the process of oxidation and decomposition of residual alcohol occurs even faster. The tonic property of koumiss eases hangover and quenches thirst.

Application in cosmetology

Useful properties of a fermented milk product based on mare's milk are used not only for the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases, but also in cosmetology. Koumiss is found in skin and hair care products.

For hair

Koumiss nourishes hair follicles, providing curls with beauty and strength. The antibacterial and moisturizing effect helps to eliminate dry scalp and dandruff.

Tonic
Ingredients:

• Koumiss - 1 tbsp.
• Honey - 20 g.
• Yolk - 1 pc.

Mix all the components and apply evenly to the hair, do not forget to massage the mask into the scalp with massaging movements. Means to keep at least half an hour. To give a greater effect, cover your head with a towel.

Thanks to this mask, the hair becomes healthy. After 5–6 applications, there is no trace of dandruff; the scalp will become less dry.

Nourishing mask
Ingredients:

• 1/2 loaf of rye flour bread.
• 2 tbsp. koumiss.

Knead the bread and soak it in a slightly warmed koumiss. After 5-10 minutes, mix, turning the mixture into a homogeneous mass. Rub into the scalp. Put on a shower cap and wrap your head in a woolen scarf. After 20 minutes, rinse thoroughly with warm water and then shampoo.

For face

Sour-milk drink is used as a moisturizing, whitening and tonic for face skin.

Koumiss carrot mask
Would need:

• 50 g of homemade cottage cheese.
• 17 ml of carrot juice.
• 1.5 tbsp koumiss.

Strain the cottage cheese through cheesecloth. Mix thoroughly with carrot juice. Add koumiss. Apply the mixture to the face, avoiding contact with eyes, and leave for 30 minutes. After time, rinse with warm water. Use no more than once every three days.

Whitening mask
Would need:

• 70 g of honey.
• 3 tbsp koumiss.
• 30 ml of lemon juice.

Koumiss mixed with honey. Squeeze the required amount of juice from lemon into this mixture. All components are thoroughly mixed together. Apply the mixture on the face and leave for 15 minutes.

The use of such a mask 1-2 times a week for two months contributes to the disappearance of age spots, freckles and lightening the skin.

Harm and contraindications

Koumiss, which has an incredible amount of useful properties, can also have a detrimental effect on the body.

1. The presence of this dairy product is unacceptable in the diet of people with lactose intolerance.
2. The alcohol content in koumiss can adversely affect health during an exacerbation of chronic diseases of internal organs.
3. Do not drink koumiss with gastritis and stomach ulcers, accompanied by high acidity. It contributes to increased secretion, and the acidity index is further increased.
4. Due to its alcohol content, koumiss is often not recommended for pregnant women and children. For the same reason, do not drink koumiss for people suffering from alcohol addiction.

Despite the fact that koumiss is introduced into the complex treatment of tuberculosis, in cases of an open form of this disease, the drink is strictly prohibited. For the remaining categories, the use of koumiss is associated only with positive properties. The main thing is to adhere to the rules and not to abuse.

How to store

Asian fermented milk drink made from mare or camel milk belongs to the category of “live” products. Therefore, it is perishable and not suitable for long storage.

This koumiss should be used no later than 2-3 days after the end of fermentation. It is poured into glass containers and stored in a cold place: cellar or basement (temperature not exceeding 6 ° C) or a refrigerator.

Koumiss, produced at dairies and sold in the store, has little resemblance to a true Asian product. The drink as close as possible in terms of composition and manufacturing rules should have a shelf life of no more than 3 days. Such a product is stored in the refrigerator.

How to drink koumiss

Residents of Asian countries, accustomed to fermented milk drink from mare's milk since childhood, can not limit themselves to the use of koumiss. In the hot summer period, the Kyrgyz and the Bashkirs are able to drink up to 7-10 liters per day, while receiving only benefit.

For people with an unprepared body, this alcohol-containing drink with high fat content should be introduced into the diet, starting with small doses to get used to.

How much can I drink per day

Following the recommendations of doctors, koumiss begin to drink in small quantities. The initial daily intake should not exceed 100 ml. If the body perceives the drink normally for 3-4 days, the dosage is gradually increased to 200-400 ml. Subsequently, it is allowed to take a larger amount of 1-1.5 liters.

Can I drink at night

For medicinal purposes, koumiss is used in the morning, before breakfast. But because of the calming and relaxing effects on the body (thanks to alcohol), this drink can be taken in the evening to improve sleep. Half a glass of koumiss at night contributes to the normalization of stool. But before going to bed, it is better to drink koumiss containing a small percentage of alcohol.

Is it possible for Muslims to drink

Koumiss, fermented during the day, practically does not contain alcohol. Such a drink, like the rest of dairy, is allowed to drink to Muslims. Being in the process of fermentation for a longer period, koumiss becomes much stronger than young. It no longer applies to halal products.

Is it possible to get drunk from koumiss

A fermented milk drink prepared on the basis of mare's milk does not apply to alcoholic drinks. But, having fermented for several days, it acquires a fortress up to 4-6 revolutions. Therefore, a drink drunk in large quantities can cause mild intoxication. Kazakhs make koumiss containing up to 25-30% alcohol. A few sips of such a fermented milk drink are equivalent to 50 g of vodka or cognac.

How to make koumiss at home

Making a real Asian sour-milk drink is not easy. It is impossible to find mare's milk on store shelves, so at home it is better to replace it with goat. This koumiss has almost the same beneficial properties, but differs in taste.

For cooking you will need:

• 1 liter of goat milk.
• 50 g of sugar.
• 50 ml of yogurt without additives (kefir).
• 30 g of honey.
• 200 ml of purified water.
• 5 g of dry yeast.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Pour milk into a saucepan and put on a slow fire. Boil. Pour in water gradually and add honey. Boil for another 6-8 minutes.
2. Cool the milk mixture until it cools completely. Introduce yogurt (kefir). Cover the pan with a lid and wrap it with a woolen blanket (for faster warming). Leave in a warm place for 5–9 hours.
3. After souring the milk, beat it with a mixer. Strain the resulting mixture through a thick layer of gauze.
4. Pour yeast with warm water, add sugar and let go. Combine them with milk.
5. Pour milk into previously washed and sterilized jars. The liquid should fill the containers by 2/3. Leave koumiss in a warm place for 3-4 hours without covering the containers with lids.
6. After the required time has elapsed, cover the cans and place in the refrigerator so that the koumiss does not ferment.

Keep koumiss in the refrigerator for no more than two days.

Interesting facts about koumiss

1. A.V. Postnikov was the first to open a koumiss clinic in Russia. This event occurred in 1858 in the Samara province. After 100 years, more than 65 such institutions were opened.
2. Kazakhs still adhere to the ancient technology of cooking koumiss. For the fermentation process, they use a wineskin made of sheep or horse skin.Beat the mare’s milk at least 1000 times. Then black grains appear on the surface - mare fat.
3. In Mongolia there is a holiday - Day of the first koumiss. After the first milking of horses and preparation of a young koumiss, Mongolian families gather at a common table and try it.
4. In Bashkortostan and Kyrgyzstan it is customary to drink koumiss from bowls, and the Yakuts carve special vessels from wood, decorating them with elaborate carvings, less often with precious stones.

Koumiss photo